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Canada - Yukon Territory - Field Methods in Subarctic Archaeology and Ethnography PDF Print E-mail

Field School

Field Methods in Subarctic Archaeology and Ethnography

Application Deadline: 1 May 2006
Field School Dates: 7 June - 24 July 2006

 

University, Company, Institution

Yukon College, Box 2799, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada

Field School Location

Whitehorse and Beaver Creek, Yukon Territory
Yukon Territory and State of Alaska
CANADA

Subarctic Archaeology and Ethnography photos
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Field School Overview

  • Field School Type: Integrated Interdisciplinary - Excavation, Survey, and Ethnography
  • Time Period(s) Ethnographic work includes traditional / historic and contemporary Athapaskan society and culture. Archaeological survey and excavation includes prehistoric and historic sites. Principal excavation site (KdVo-6) holds components of all principal regional archaeological cultures: Nenana, Denali / Northwest Microblade, Northern Archaic, Late Prehistoric, Fur-trade Historic, Alaska Highway Historic, and Contemporary.
  • Field School Conditions: Remote - Bush Camp. (Principal field site is approx. 12 km north of Beaver Creek village, Yukon).
  • Field School Access: Access to principal field camp and site is by road. Archaeological survey work will involve both day and overnight hiking across tundra and through boreal forest.
  • Number of years for field school: Offered alternate years since 1994.
  • Professional certification of this field school: Course carries full university credit transfer of 6 second year credits.

Project Directors

Norman Alexander Easton
Lecturer in Anthropology and Northern Studies
Yukon College, Whitehorse, Yukon

Field School Description

This course offers an introduction to archaeological and ethnographic field methods as currently practiced in Yukon, that is within an integrated programme of documentation of local culture and history with a strong community presence in the research activities.

In this approach, archaeological survey and excavation is closely articulated and connected with related ethnographic enquiry. This inquiry includes oral history and place-names documentation, kinship and social relations, subsistence and other land-use patterns, traditional technology, and contemporary adaptations of indigenous aboriginal society.

The structure of the investigation is fundamentally community-based, with strong involvement of the local First Nation administration, elders, and youth of the community.

Formal Lecture Topics

1.Course Introduction: A Brief History of Yukon Archaeology and Ethnography
2.Early Prehistory of the Western Subarctic: Beringian, Nothern Cordilleran and Paleo-arctic Traditions
3.The Middle and Later Prehistory of the Western Subarctic: Northern Archaic and Proto-Historic Athapaskan Traditions
4.Traditional Western Subarctic Culture: Athapaskan Social Organization
5.Principles of Archaeological Survey: Searching for Signs of Prehistory
6.Practicalities of Archaeological Excavation: Uncovering the Evidence of Prehistory
7.Ethnographic Enquiry of the Past: Mythology and Oral History
8.Ethnography of the Present: Structured Interviews and Observation of Social Organization
9.Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Categories: Folk Taxonomies and Ethnoscience
10.Contemporary Athapaskan Orthography: Hearing and Writing in Dineh
11.Wisdon Sits in Places: Recording Topynyms and Cultural Geography
12.Ethnobotanical Field Research: Collecting Knowledge and Specimens.
13.Keeping Accurate Records: Forms, Note-taking, Transcriptions, Insights
14.The Social Organization of Fieldwork: Living and Working Together in the Bush

Field Work

Intensive on-site field experience in archaeological survey and excavation, environmental descriptions, oral history and place names research, and ethnographic documentation. Field excursions to additional archaeological and historic sites in the region will be undertaken.

The general format for field work will involve completion of personal morning preparations by 8:30 am, followed by language lessons, a lecture on the selected topic of the day, and assignment of the day s activities. Work will generally be scheduled to last until 6:00 p.m. with a midday siesta. An evening muster of all participants will review the day s work and identify issues or problems that need to be addressed to allow supervisors to prepare the following day s work plan. Evening cataloguing of artefacts, review and revision of field notes, and presentations of the oral history of the region will regularly occur.

Students will be assigned to work in teams of 2 or 3 members. Groups of teams will be under the supervision of a Crew Chief, selected from and rotating through the participants, who will, in turn, report to the Instructor.

2006 Details

The 2006 field location is the Mirror Creek valley, a tributary of the Tanana River which runs through the Yukon Alaska borderlands north of the community of Beaver Creek, Yukon. The region is the traditional homeland of the Scottie Creek Dineh, a social and dialectical sub-group of the Upper Tanana language Athapaskans. This region lies within the territorial boundaries of the White River First Nation.

The plans for the 2006 field season include:
- further excavation of KdVo-6, a late pleistocene - early holocene site containing a Nenana complex assemblage, as well as every other known archaeological culture up to and including the historic period.

This makes the site very amenable to student learning of the regional prehistoric sequence as well as places it in the running for one of the oldest sites in Canada (the Bluefish Caves technically still beat us by a couple of thousand years, but we're hoping to change that this year).

- survey of the remainder of the Mirror Creek valley in order to locate additional deposits related to the Nenana occupations at KdVo-6, in collaboration with colleagues in Alaska

- a three to five day excursion to a known late prehistoric village site across the valley in order to test deposits there and determine its antiquity

- ethnographic work on the Upper Tanana native subsistence fishery; this is the last year of fieldwork on this three year international project in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service

- community consultations on interpretive displays related to representation of Upper Tanana culture and history to the general public

- ethnographic documentation of ethnobotanical and native place names / trail systems and related land use history.

- field visits to several Alaskan archaeological projects in the Tanana valley.

We will also be conducting an active regional history public interpretation plan in conjunction with the White River First Nation.

Finally, there is usually an opportunity to join me in further work after the project for those who have the time and interest. Generally I will take a week off in Whitehorse and then return to the field until mid-august. More often than not, I am able to support volunteer's basic food and transport.


Field school web site: http://dl1.yukoncollege.yk.ca/anth225/
Field School Size: 1-15
Minimum age: 19
Is prior experience required?: No
Recommended experience: Introductory courses in archaeology and ethnography recommended but not required.

Specialized skills you will have the opportunity to learn

  • Manual Mapping/drawing (plan views, profiles): Yes
  • Manual Transit: Yes
  • Compass mapping survey: Yes
  • GIS: Yes
  • Traditional Photography: Yes
  • Digital Photography: Yes
  • Excavation Survey Techniques: Yes
  • Interpreting stratigraphy: Yes
  • Soils: Yes
  • Restoration and conservation of artifact: Yes
  • Lab work: Yes
  • Database: Yes
  • Artifact analysis: Yes
  • Fauna identification: Yes
  • Flora identification: Yes
  • Evening Lectures: Regularly scheduled lectures by instructor and visiting colleagues throughout course.

    Lab work on rain days?: Yes

    Is travel during free time restricted?: Yes

    Additional information for students: Days off are spent hiking, fishing, or visiting in Beaver Creek village.
    The end of the course is held in Dawson City, Yukon allowing students to attend the Dawson City Music Festival or tour the Klondyke Gold Rush townsite.

    Academic, Credit Room and Board, & Tuition

    Academic Credit: Yes
    Number of Credits: 6 credits, second year
    Tuition
    Candian and Alaskan Residents = Tuition $300.00 + 1,800.00 activity Fee = Total $2,100.00
    Other International Students: Tuition = $1,500.00 plus $1,800.00 activity fee = Total $3,300.00
    All fees are in CANADIAN DOLLARS
    Name of Institution offering credit

    Room and Board Information: Students are responsible for accomodation and meals in Whitehorse, June 7 - 10. Contact College Residence at sscentre@yukoncollege.yk.ca for more information on dorm accomodation or visit www.touryukon.com for
    alternative downtown hostels. The instructor endeavours to provide billets as well.

    Accomodations in the field, June 10 thru July 24, is campsite. Students provide their own tents and sleeping gear. Camp food will be provided in the field; the exception being resturant meals chosen by students on their days off. Camp food is of good quality, with a view towards nuitrition and variety. Country foods (fish and moose) are possible.

    Recommended readings


    REQUIRED AND RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS/MATERIALS:

    Section 1 The following required texts will be provided inclusive of your registration fees:

    Dobrowlsky, Helene and Rob Ingram (1991). Recording Memories: Getting Started in Oral History. Whitehorse: MacBride Museum Society.

    Easton, N. A., ed. (1999). Anthropology 225 Selected Readings, 1999. Whitehorse: Yukon College.

    Easton, N.A. ed. (2005) An Ethnohistory of the Chisana River Basin.

    McKennan, Robert A. (1959). The Upper Tanana Indians. Yale University, Publications in Anthropology, No. 55. New Haven: Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University.

    Johns, B. Upper Tanana language Lessons. Yukon Native Language Centre (text and tape)

    Regular language lessons will be a feature of the course. Language lessons will be sent to students on registration and you are encouraged to gain some familiarity with the Upper Tanana language.

    Section 2 Required Purchased Texts
    The following two texts will be available for purchase at the Yukon College bookstore, or students may elect to purchase them in advance from an alternative source:

    Fladmark, Knut R. (1988). A guide to Basic Archaeological Field Procedures. Dept. of Archaeology, Simon Frasser University, Publication No. 4. Burnaby: SFU.

    Spradley, James P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Toronto: Holt, Rhinehart, & Winston.

    Section 3 Recommended Related Texts The following texts are recommended for students wishing to further expand their knowledge of the region.

    Clark, Donald (1992). Western Subarctic Prehistory. Ottawa: National Museum of Civilization.

    McClellan, Catherine, et al. (1987). Part of the Land, Part of the Water: A History of Yukon Indians. Toronto: Douglas and MacIntyre.

    Nadasdy, Paul (2003). Hunters and Bureaucrats: Power, Knowledge, and Aboriginal - State Relations in the Southwest Yukon. Vancouver: UBC Press.


    Osgood, Cornelius (1971). The Han Indians: A Compilation of Ethnographic and Historical Data on the Alaska-Yukon Boundary Area. Yale University, Publications in Anthropology, No. 74. New Haven: Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University.

    Simeone, William E. (1992). Rifles, Blankets, and Beads: Identity, History, and the Northern Athapaskan Potlatch. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

    Additional useful web sites:

    Yukon Information
    www.touryukon.com
    Yukon College:
    www.yukoncollege.yk.ca

    of Whitehorse:
    www.visitwhitehorse.com
    Dawson City Music Festival:
    www.dcmf.com
    Regional Archaeology provided by the US National Park Service:
    www.nps.gov/akso/akarc/

    Archaeology field school contact



    Norman Easton
    Instructor in Anthropology and Northern Studies
    Arts and Sciences
    Yukon College
    Box 2799
    Whitehorse, Yukon Territory
    CANADA Y1A 5K4
    Telephone: 867-668-8770
    Fax: 867-668-8805
    E-mail: neaston@yukoncollege.yk.ca

    Summary


    The field school takes place on the Yukon - Alaskan borderlands, an area of spectacular beauty and vigorous continuing Athapaskan society, in a pristine wilderness setting.

    The principal site of excavation - KdVo-6 - is currently dated on a presumed Denali / Northwest Microblade Tradition component at c. 10,000 calendar years, however an earlier Nenana component on the site remains undated. Similar Nenana components nearby in Alaska include the earliest sites in Beringia (Broken Mammoth). Further excavations this year are orientated to determining the antiquity of the Nenana component at KdVo-6.

    The Instructor has been working in the area since 1992 and has developed a deep understanding of the region's history and culture and maintains close relationships with many local residents.

    Regular participation by native athapaskans and language learning are important components of this course, as well as the integrated, community-based approach to the practice of anthropology which is mentored. We work closely with colleagues in just over the border in the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge and the Tanana Chief's Conference as well. In 2006 we hope to visit the U of Nevada's field school in the Wrangel Mountains.

    Students are expected to contribute to public interpretation through interaction with tourists, and regular contributions to the Yukon News and the course website. Students also become involved in local community needs, undertaking small projects in support of the goals of the First Nation's Elders and youth.

    The course is a requirement for advancement in ARCOM North - of which little can be said without compromising its mandate - however student participants can expect to receive a nifty ARCOM North t-shirt and further instruction in its shadowy world.

    A subsidiary program - Art and Archaeology - is also planned. This will bring several artists working in different mediums to work with us and the community for a week with the expectation that they will create a work for display in a show planned for the fall of 2006.

    Quotes from former students


    "This course changed my life. It made me a better person, more tolerant of different cultural ways, and encouraged me to mature in my self-confidence in my abilities."
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